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Programming languages

Order by the year each language first appeared. You place all 50 cards on one timeline, one at a time. You start with three lives, and ten right in a row wins a lost one back.

Programming languages
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Order by the year each language first appeared. Drag or tap it onto the line
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50
Cards
3
Lives per run
release years and dates
Ordered by
Cards only
Card reveal

How the programming languages timeline game works

Sort these programming languages by the year each first appeared. Under every name you'll find its creator or the company behind it. One language starts on the timeline with its year showing. For every new card, choose the gap where it fits among those already placed. Pick right and its year is revealed; pick wrong and it still lands in its true slot, costing you one of your three lives.

The deck spans the mainframe pioneers, academic languages from research labs, the scripting boom of the early web and modern systems languages. A big cluster arrives around the time the web took off, and those cards are hard to separate. Languages that feel brand new are often older than you'd think, because many took years to catch on. The creator's name is a strong hint if you know where and when they worked.

Want a longer game? On the deck tree you can tick this deck alongside any other one measured in release years and dates, and they shuffle into a single timeline together.

How players are doing

This deck has been played 22 times. An average run places 3.5 cards, and 54% of all placements land in the right spot. Nobody has placed every card yet.

The cards players get wrong most often:

  • Go missed 60% of the time, usually by a single place
  • Fortran missed 43% of the time, usually by about 2 places
  • F# missed 40% of the time, usually by about 2 places

What's in the deck

Here are 28 of the 50 cards you might be dealt, with 22 more in the deck. Their values stay hidden until you place them.

  • Fortran John Backus, IBM
  • Lisp John McCarthy
  • ALGOL 60 International committee
  • PL/I IBM
  • Simula 67 Dahl & Nygaard
  • Forth Charles Moore
  • C Dennis Ritchie
  • Smalltalk Alan Kay, Xerox PARC
  • SQL Chamberlin & Boyce
  • Ada Jean Ichbiah
  • MATLAB Cleve Moler
  • C++ Bjarne Stroustrup
  • Perl Larry Wall
  • Haskell Committee standard
  • Visual Basic Microsoft
  • Lua Tecgraf, PUC-Rio
  • Delphi Borland
  • JavaScript Brendan Eich
  • Ruby Yukihiro Matsumoto
  • OCaml INRIA
  • D Walter Bright
  • Scala Martin Odersky
  • Clojure Rich Hickey
  • Rust Graydon Hoare, Mozilla
  • Kotlin JetBrains
  • Elm Evan Czaplicki
  • TypeScript Microsoft
  • Zig Andrew Kelley

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